Module 5: Cash flow forecasting and break even

Break-even forecast: Costs

Variable
Variable costs are costs that change according to the amount of goods produced or sold. Stock is an example of a variable cost.
Semi-variable

Semi-variable costs have a fixed element and a variable element e.g. a household gas/electricity bill often has a fixed cost and a variable cost for the gas/electricity being used.

About your tariff

ELECTRICITY GAS
Tariff name: Price Fix May 2026 Tariff name: Price Fix May 2026
Payment method: Direct Debit Payment method: Direct Debit
Exit date: 31 May 2016 Exit date: 31 May 2016
Exit fee: Not applicable Exit fee: Not applicable
Annual consumption: 2983 kWh Annual consumption: 9734 kWh

About your charges

Electricity Period Meter: S63G09043
Stage Previous reading Latest reading Electricity units used kWh rate Charge
10 Nov 15 – 15 Feb 16 18395 Estimated 19151 your read 156 kWh 12.555p £102.44
Standing charge (88 days @ 18.00p per day) = £15.84
Total electricity charges for this period £118.28
Gas - G4K68890234
Stage Previous reading Latest reading Gas units used kWh rate Charge
10 Nov 15 – 15 Feb 16 8440 Estimated 8780 your read 340 = 3776 kWh* 4.042p £152.63
Standing charge (88 days @ 22.00p per day) = £19.36
Total gas charges for this period £171.99

 

SUBTOTAL: £290.27
VAT @ 5% o £290.27 = £14.51
Total charges for this period:  £304.78
Your electricity supply number is:
S 01 801 902
12 0002 0075 216
Your gas meter point reference number is: 50 63 45 19 04

 

Fixed
Fixed costs are costs that do not change according to the amount of goods produced/sold. Be careful - this does not mean that they never change – but they do not change in proportion to the amount of goods/services a business produces or sells. Rent is one example.
Total costs

Total costs are all costs added together

Total costs = variable costs + fixed costs

Pause for thought